Clinical Benefit of Cardiorenal Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors

Highlights

• Patients with T2DM are at high risk of major vascular complications, HF, and chronic kidney disease.

• SGLT2i reduce MACE and progression of chronic kidney disease in patients with T2DM.

• SGLT2i also reduce HF and cardiovascular death in patients with established HF and reduced ejection fraction.

• Ongoing trials are addressing the role of SGLT2i in patients with HF and preserved ejection fraction and chronic kidney disease, with and without T2DM.

Abstract

Changes in the regulatory guidelines by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Medical Agency requiring large-scale trials that study the cardiovascular safety of new glucose-lowering drugs have improved our understanding of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Unexpectedly, these trials demonstrated that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This second part of this 2-part review summarizes the findings of recent clinical trials and their clinical implications and describes ongoing trials and future areas of research.