Clinical studyRisk factors for nephrolithiasis in patients with familial idiopathic hypercalciuria
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Materials and methods
We offered a family evaluation to all patients who were referred to the Department of Nephrology of Tenon Hospital, or the Department of Physiology of Broussais-Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France, for hypercalciuria and stone disease from January 1996 to December 1999. Subsequently, all families with evidence of hypercalciuria among siblings were offered the opportunity to participate in a prospective study. Thirty-three families were recruited, and informed consent was obtained in
Results
Two hundred and sixteen subjects (120 [56%] women; 96 [44%] men) in 33 families were included in the study. All except one family were of Caucasian origin. Seventy-one subjects (32%) reported a history of kidney stones. We measured 24-hour urine calcium in 195 subjects, 132 (68%) of whom had hypercalciuria on a nonrestricted diet. The prevalence of nephrolithiasis among hypercalciuric subjects was 46% (61/132) versus 11% (7/63) among normocalciuric subjects (P <0.0001).
Subjects with kidney
Discussion
Nearly half (46%) of the subjects with hypercalciuria reported a history of kidney stones, consistent with previous data from family studies 4, 6, 7, 16, 17. The prevalence of nephrolithiasis (11%) in nonhypercalciuric subjects in our study is within the range observed in a population-based sample (18). Thus, hypercalciuria seems to explain the high prevalence of stones in patients with familial idiopathic hypercalciuria.
The frequency of nephrolithiasis was significantly associated with 24-hour
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